\u00a0\u00a0Mill\u00ee e\u011fitim sistemimizin g\u00f6zetece\u011fi esaslar, Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn e\u011fitim hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine dayan\u0131r: “Mill\u00ee e\u011fitim program\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n temel ta\u015f\u0131, cahilli\u011fin yok edilmesidir. Cahillik yok edilmedik\u00e7e yerimizdeyiz. Yerinde duran b\u00eer \u015fey ise geriye gidiyor demektir. Bir taraftan genel olan cahilli\u011fi yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla beraber, di\u011fer taraftan toplumsal hayatta bizzat faal ve faydal\u0131, verimli elemanlar yeti\u015ftirmek l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Bu da ilk ve orta \u00f6\u011fretimin uygulamal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde olmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.”<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re mill\u00ee e\u011fitim sistemimizin planlanmas\u0131nda ve uygulanmas\u0131nda devletimizin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkelere uygun olarak \u015fu esaslar g\u00f6zetilmelidir:
\n– \u00d6\u011fretim birli\u011fi.
\n– Karma e\u011fitim.
\n– E\u011fitimin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.
\n– \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretimin zorunlu ve paras\u0131z olmas\u0131.
\n– \u00d6\u011fretimde teori ve uygulaman\u0131n birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi.
\n– \u00d6\u011fretim programlar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal hayat\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gereklerini \u00a0\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131.
\n– \u00d6\u011fretim programlar\u0131n\u0131n mill\u00ee ve bilimsel olmas\u0131.
\n– E\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimde disiplin ilkesi.
\n– E\u011fitimde \u00f6\u011fretmenin \u00f6nemi ve rol\u00fc.<\/p>\n
\u00d6\u011fretim Birli\u011fi<\/b>
\nAtat\u00fcrk, \u00fclkede mill\u00ee birlik ve beraberli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretim birli\u011fi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. Bu sa\u011flanmadan sosyal b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u00dclkede yeni okullar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra medreseler de vard\u0131. Bu durum e\u011fitimde b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve ikilik olu\u015fturuyordu. Bu y\u00fczden \u00fclkede \u00f6\u011fretim birli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar olumlu sonu\u00e7lar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Karma E\u011fitim<\/b>
\nAtat\u00fcrk kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik hayatta aktif rol almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek “bir milletin erke\u011fi ve kad\u0131n\u0131 ile bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011funu, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da y\u00fcceltilmesiyle bir milletin y\u00fccelebilece\u011fini” savunmu\u015ftur.
\nAtat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckte; T\u00fcrk Milleti’nin kalk\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in kad\u0131n ve erke\u011fin e\u015fit \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in e\u011fitimin b\u00fct\u00fcn kademelerinde k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u015fit olarak karma bir e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmeleri sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitimin Yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/b>
\nDevletin ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6revlerinden biri, e\u011fitimin geni\u015f halk kitleleri aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bilgisizli\u011fin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk’e g\u00f6re, mill\u00ee e\u011fitim \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 memleketin en derin k\u00f6\u015felerine kadar ula\u015f\u0131p yay\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilgisizlik yok edilmeli, e\u011fitim yeti\u015fkinleri de kapsamal\u0131d\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk bunun \u00f6nemini ve gere\u011fini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “Hedefe yaln\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmekle ula\u015famay\u0131z. \u00c7ocuklar gelece\u011findir… Fakat gelece\u011fi yapacak olan bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirecek analar, babalar, karde\u015fler hepsi \u015fimdiden az \u00e7ok ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r ki yeti\u015ftirecekleri \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 bu millete ve memlekete hizmet edebilecek, yararl\u0131 olabilecek \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirsinler.” Bilgisizli\u011fi ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in e\u011fitimin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunun sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n bir e\u011fitim sistemi kurularak b\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar\u0131n okur-yazar h\u00e2le getirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretimin Zorunlu ve Paras\u0131z Olmas\u0131<\/b>
\nBir milletin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fmas\u0131nda, b\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar\u0131n okuma yazma bilmesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Bu sebeple, \u00fclkede herkesin ilk\u00f6\u011fretimde e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6rmesi ve ilk\u00f6\u011fretimin paras\u0131z olmas\u0131 hedeflenmi\u015ftir.
\n
\n\u00d6\u011fretimde Teori ve Uygulaman\u0131n Birlikte Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi<\/b>
\nAtat\u00fcrk, \u00f6\u011fretimde teori ve uygulaman\u0131n birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini hedeflemi\u015ftir. Atat\u00fcrk bu amac\u0131n\u0131 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’ni a\u00e7\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar: “B\u00fcy\u00fck davam\u0131z, en meden\u00ee ve m\u00fcreffeh millet olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fckseltmektir. Bu yaln\u0131z kurumlar\u0131nda de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde de temelli ink\u0131l\u00e2p yapm\u0131\u015f olan b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk Milleti’nin dinamik idealidir. Bu ideali en k\u0131sa zamanda ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in, fikir ve hareketi beraber y\u00fcr\u00fctmek mecburiyetindeyiz.” Bu te\u015febb\u00fcste ba\u015far\u0131 ancak iyi bir pl\u00e2nla ve verimli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6\u011fretim Programlar\u0131n\u0131n Sosyal Hayat\u0131n \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n Gereklerini Kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131<\/b>
\nBir toplumda e\u011fitimin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmesi, \u00f6\u011fretim programlar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal hayat\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gereklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu anlamda e\u011fitim, yaln\u0131zca bilgi vermeye ve ezbercili\u011fe dayal\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Hayata ve beceri kazand\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Deney yapma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131, bilgisayar kullan\u0131m\u0131na \u00f6nem vermelidir. Bu konuda ileri \u00fclkelerin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f e\u011fitim y\u00f6ntemleri ve donan\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6\u011fretim Programlar\u0131n\u0131n Mill\u00ee ve Bilimsel Olmas\u0131<\/b>
\nAtat\u00fcrk’e g\u00f6re e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 her \u015feyden \u00f6nce mill\u00ee olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, T\u00fcrk Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi temelleri \u00fczerine kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin sonsuza kadar ya\u015famas\u0131 buna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 mill\u00ee bilin\u00e7 ile yeti\u015firse, T\u00fcrk Devleti’nin ve Milleti’nin gelece\u011fi de g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur. Bunun yan\u0131nda e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim programlar\u0131 temel ve uygulamal\u0131 bilimlere, ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00f6nem veren, bilim alan\u0131ndaki en yeni geli\u015fmeleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutan bilimsel esaslara g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmelidir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim ve \u00d6\u011fretimde Disiplin \u0130lkesi<\/b>
\nAtat\u00fcrk’e g\u00f6re e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 disipline ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’ni a\u00e7\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “Hayat\u0131n her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma safhas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6zellikle \u00f6\u011fretim hayat\u0131nda disiplin, ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fcd\u00fcrler ve \u00f6\u011fretim kadrolar\u0131 disiplini sa\u011flamaya ve \u00f6\u011frenci disipline uymaya mecburdurlar.” E\u011fitimde beklenenlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinde \u00f6\u011fretmenlere b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6rev d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitimde \u00d6\u011fretmenin \u00d6nemi ve Rol\u00fc<\/b>
\nAtat\u00fcrk, e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 etkileyecek en \u00f6nemli unsurun \u00f6\u011fretmenler oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6\u011fretmenlik mesle\u011fine l\u00e2y\u0131k oldu\u011fu de\u011feri vermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015f\u00f6\u011fretmen Atat\u00fcrk, \u00d6\u011fretmenlere “Sizin ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131z cumhuriyetin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.” diyerek \u00fclkenin gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin g\u00fcvence kayna\u011f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00a0\u00a0Mill\u00ee e\u011fitim sistemimizin g\u00f6zetece\u011fi esaslar, Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn e\u011fitim hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine dayan\u0131r: “Mill\u00ee e\u011fitim program\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n temel ta\u015f\u0131, cahilli\u011fin yok edilmesidir. Cahillik yok edilmedik\u00e7e yerimizdeyiz. Yerinde duran b\u00eer \u015fey ise geriye gidiyor demektir. Bir taraftan genel olan cahilli\u011fi yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla beraber, di\u011fer taraftan toplumsal hayatta bizzat faal ve faydal\u0131, verimli elemanlar yeti\u015ftirmek l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Bu da ilk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":363,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/382"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=382"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":383,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/382\/revisions\/383"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}