{"id":333,"date":"2004-10-30T11:43:24","date_gmt":"2004-10-30T08:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/karder.org.tr\/?p=333"},"modified":"2018-04-21T11:44:17","modified_gmt":"2018-04-21T08:44:17","slug":"veli-eliacik-toprak-isleme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/2004\/10\/30\/veli-eliacik-toprak-isleme\/","title":{"rendered":"Veli Elia\u00e7\u0131k-Toprak \u0130\u015fleme"},"content":{"rendered":"

Toprak \u0130\u015fleme<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

TOPRAK \u0130\u015eLEME
\n\u2022 Unutmayal\u0131m ki toprak da canl\u0131d\u0131r. Her canl\u0131 gibi topra\u011f\u0131n HAVAYA, NEME ve ISIYA ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Tekni\u011fine uygun olarak i\u015flenmemi\u015f tarladan; istedi\u011fimiz verimi de\u011fil, sadece topra\u011f\u0131n VERD\u0130\u011e\u0130 KADARINI alabiliriz.
\n\u2022 Topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tekni\u011fine uygun olarak i\u015flemek suretiyle ISI, NEM ve HAVALANMAYI sa\u011flaman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da d\u00fczeltilerek, bitki k\u00f6k sisteminin geli\u015fmesine ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131na uygun bir ORTAM haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 da gerekmektedir.
\n\u2022 K\u00fclt\u00fcr bitkilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 ve meyve verebilmesi i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131 gerekir. Topra\u011f\u0131 elveri\u015fli bir hale getirebilmek ise uygun bir TOPRAK \u0130\u015eLEME ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Toprak i\u015flemenin ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetleyecek olursak;
\na) Tohum yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak,
\nb) Yabanc\u0131 ot kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc yapmak
\nc) Toprak y\u00fczeyindeki bitki art\u0131klar\u0131, an\u0131z ve ah\u0131r g\u00fcbresinin g\u00f6m\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak,
\nd) Tarlay\u0131 sulamaya haz\u0131rlamak ve erozyonu kontrol etmektir.
\nBu ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik yap\u0131da bir\u00e7ok TOPRAK \u0130\u015eLEME ALET\u0130 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
\nToprak i\u015fleme aletlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rabiliriz;
\n1. S\u0131n\u0131f Toprak \u0130\u015fleme Aletleri 2. S\u0131n\u0131f Toprak \u0130\u015fleme Aletleri Alet
\nKombinasyonlar\u0131
\n-Pulluklar
\n-\u00c7izeller
\n-Dip kazanlar -K\u00fclt\u00fcvat\u00f6rler
\n-T\u0131rm\u0131klar
\n-Toprak frezeleri
\n-Merdaneler
\n-Di\u011fer aletler<\/p>\n

I. B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 SINIF TOPRAK \u0130\u015eLEME ALETLER\u0130 1. PULLUKLAR
\nToprak i\u015flemede en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan alet pulluklard\u0131r. Pulluklar topra\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alar \u00e7evirerek devirir, gev\u015fetir an\u0131z ve yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131 topra\u011fa g\u00f6mer.
\n\u00dclkemizde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lanlar ask\u0131l\u0131 pulluklard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 s\u0131ra ile inceleyelim.
\nASKILI PULLUKLAR Trakt\u00f6r hidrolik kollar\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131p, ask\u0131da tutularak \u00e7ekilen pulluklara ask\u0131l\u0131 pulluklar denir.
\nASKILI PULLUKLARIN FAYDALARI Pulluk trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn arkas\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in patinaj \u00f6nlenir, \u00e7eki g\u00fcc\u00fc artar.
\nTa\u015f\u0131nmalar\u0131 kolayd\u0131r, havada ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in az a\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar.
\nTrakt\u00f6re k\u0131sa ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fcmde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f kolayla\u015f\u0131r, yast\u0131k ba\u015flar\u0131 k\u0131sa olur.
\nTrakt\u00f6r i\u015f verimini artt\u0131r\u0131r, zamandan kazand\u0131r\u0131r
\n\u00c7ekili pulluklardaki bir \u00e7ok par\u00e7a bunlarda yoktur.
\nASKILI PULLUKLARIN \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130
\nA-Kulakl\u0131 pulluklar
\nB-D\u00f6ner kulakl\u0131 pulluklar
\nC-Diskli pulluklar
\nA-KULAKLI PULLUKLAR Ask\u0131l\u0131 pulluklar i\u00e7erisinde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan kulakl\u0131 pulluklard\u0131r. G\u00f6vde ve soklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 bir ile yirmi aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011flama kafas\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131, \u00e7apraz mil, muylular, g\u00f6vde ve u\u00e7 demiri.
\nYard\u0131mc\u0131 Par\u00e7alar\u0131: \u00d6n g\u00f6vdecik, k\u00f6\u015fe kesen, g\u00fcbre g\u00f6m\u00fcc\u00fc, ta\u015f sigortas\u0131, kulak uzant\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n

PULLUKTAK\u0130 \u00d6L\u00c7\u00dcLER Pulluk par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan u\u00e7 demirinin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.
\nBu ba\u011flant\u0131da iki pay vard\u0131r.
\n1. Alt kavrama pay\u0131
\n2. Yan kavrama pay\u0131
\nD\u00fcz bir yerde u\u00e7 demirinin ucu ile taban demirinin aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fa alt kavrama pay\u0131 denir. Alt kavrama pay\u0131 az olursa pulluk topra\u011fa batmaz, \u00e7ok olursa pulluk topra\u011fa dalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, derinlik ayar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fir ve trakt\u00f6r zorlan\u0131r.
\nPulluk g\u00f6vdesi yan olarak d\u00fcz bir yere kondu\u011funda u\u00e7 demiri ucunun taban demirinden i\u015flenmemi\u015f tarafa do\u011fru biraz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu bo\u015flu\u011fa yan kavrama pay\u0131 denir.
\nPullu\u011fa y\u00f6n verir ve dengeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\nYan kavrama az olursa pulluk s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f tarafa ka\u00e7ar. \u00c7ok olursa, i\u015flenmemi\u015f tarafa ka\u00e7ar.
\nKulakl\u0131 Pulluklarda Aran\u0131lacak \u00d6zellikler
\n-Ba\u011flant\u0131 yerlerinde bo\u015fluk olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n-Pullu\u011fun boyu k\u0131sa olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n-\u00c7apraz mil ve muylular ayarlanabilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n-Ba\u011flama kafas\u0131 y\u00fcksek ve \u00fczerinde 3-5 ba\u011flama deli\u011fi bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n-B\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00e7ekilir pulluklarda son g\u00f6vdede destek tekeri bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n-Pulluktaki t\u00fcm \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler standartlara uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nPullu\u011fun Trakt\u00f6re Ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve S\u00f6k\u00fclmesi
\nPulluk trakt\u00f6re ba\u011flan\u0131rken \u00f6nce ayars\u0131z alt kol, sonra ayarl\u0131 kol, daha sonra \u00fcst ba\u011flant\u0131 kolu ba\u011flan\u0131r. S\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrken ise bu i\u015flemin tersi yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nPULLUK AYARLARI
\nAt\u00f6lye Ayar\u0131:
\nTarlaya gitmeden \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ayard\u0131r.
\nTrakt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, pulluk kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p d\u00fcz bir yere \u00e7ekilir ve yere b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r bu durumda \u00e7ok az ileri \u00e7ekilir. Yan ba\u011flant\u0131 kollar\u0131 tekerleklerden e\u015fit uzakl\u0131kta ve tekerle\u011fe de\u011fmeyecek \u015fekilde ayarlan\u0131r.
\n-Birinci g\u00f6vdenin taban demiri ile ikinci g\u00f6vdenin u\u00e7 demiri aras\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n-Trakt\u00f6r sa\u011f arka tekerinin i\u00e7 kenar\u0131ndan arkaya d\u00fcz bir \u00e7izgi \u00e7izilir veya bu d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u00e7\u0131ta da olabilir.
\n-Birinci g\u00f6vdenin u\u00e7 demiri ucu ile trakt\u00f6r sa\u011f arka tekeri aras\u0131 mesafenin; Birinci g\u00f6vdenin taban demiri ile ikinci g\u00f6vdenin u\u00e7 demiri ucu aras\u0131nda kalan mesafeden be\u015f parmak kadar fazla olmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bu i\u015f daha \u00f6nce c\u0131vatalar\u0131 gev\u015fetilen aks mili bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcye g\u00f6re, sa\u011fa, sola kayd\u0131r\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r ve c\u0131vatalar tekrar s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan ayardan sonra trakt\u00f6r tekerle\u011fi tarlada \u00e7izi duvar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131rmalamaz ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla lastik daha az a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.
\n-Tarlaya giderken trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn her iki yan tespit zincirleri gerdirilir. Daha sonra pulluk kald\u0131r\u0131larak, hidrolik d\u00fczen yolda ta\u015f\u0131ma durumuna getirilir. Tarlaya fazla sarsmadan ve \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 olmamak \u00fczere gidilir.
\nTarla Ayar\u0131:
\n-Tarlada, trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fczerindeki yol kilidi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.
\n-Pulluk yere indirilir.
\n-Trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn hidrolik sistemi \u00e7eki durumuna al\u0131n\u0131r.
\n-Yan gerdirme zincirleri gev\u015fetilir. Gev\u015fetme alt ba\u011flant\u0131 kollar\u0131 tekerleklere 4-5 parmak kal\u0131ncaya kadar devam etmeli ve tekerlekler ba\u011flant\u0131 kollar\u0131na de\u011fmemelidir.
\n-Pullukla ilk \u00e7izgi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p arka sa\u011f tekerlek pulluk \u00e7izgisine girince pullu\u011fun sa\u011f-sol paralellik ayar\u0131, ayarl\u0131 ask\u0131 kollar\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n-\u00d6n arka paralellik ayar\u0131; pullu\u011fun \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 tarla d\u00fczeyinde \u00f6n ve arkada paralel olmal\u0131d\u0131r. yani pulluk yere tam oturmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ayar \u00fcst ba\u011flant\u0131 kolundan yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n-Derinlik ayar\u0131; derinlik ayar\u0131 ikinci \u00e7izgiden sonra belirli bir gazda ve h\u0131zda yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Derinlik ayar\u0131 hidrolik indirme kolu ile yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130stenilen derinlik bulununca, hidrolik kolu tespit kelebe\u011fi ile belirlenir ve sabitle\u015ftirilir. Derinlik ayar\u0131 \u00fcst ba\u011flant\u0131 kolu ile yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcst ba\u011flant\u0131 kolu, pulluk \u00e7izide iken yere paralel veya trakt\u00f6re do\u011fru biraz e\u011fik olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B-D\u00d6NER KULAKLI PULLUKLAR
\nAyn\u0131 \u00e7iziden gidip gelerek d\u00fcz s\u00fcr\u00fcm yapan pulluklara d\u00f6ner kulakl\u0131 pulluklar denir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikleri;
\n1. D\u00fcz s\u00fcr\u00fcm yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan tarla y\u00fczeyi d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n2. Erozyon engellenir.
\n3. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerde k\u0131sal\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 yak\u0131t ve zaman tasarrufu sa\u011flan\u0131r.
\nD\u00f6ner Kulakl\u0131 Pulluklar\u0131n Ayar\u0131: Normal kulakl\u0131 pulluklarda oldu\u011fu gibidir.
\nC-D\u0130SKL\u0130 PULLUKLAR
\n\u0130yi Y\u00f6nleri:
\nToprakta d\u00f6nerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in engellere tak\u0131lmazlar.
\nKesme i\u015flemini diskin \u00e7evresi yapar, disk d\u00f6nerken kendi kendine bilenir.
\nDiskler bombeli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in darbelere kar\u015f\u0131 daha \u00e7ok dayan\u0131rlar.
\nDi\u011fer pulluklarda u\u00e7 demiri k\u00f6r ise taban sertli\u011fi yapar. Diskli pulluklarda bu s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.
\nSak\u0131ncal\u0131 Y\u00f6nleri:
\nKulakl\u0131 pullukta oldu\u011fu gibi iyi bir devirme ve kapama yapamaz.
\nTopra\u011f\u0131 \u015ferit halinde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131r ve ya\u015f topraklar\u0131 iyi par\u00e7alayamaz.
\nKendi kendine topra\u011fa batar. Derinlik artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00fczerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7izi taban\u0131 dalgal\u0131 olur.
\nDerinlik ayar\u0131, hidrolik kumanda kolundan yap\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi \u00fcst ba\u011flant\u0131 kolu uzat\u0131p k\u0131salt\u0131larak da yap\u0131labilir.
\n\u0130\u015f geni\u015fli\u011fi ayar\u0131, arka \u00e7izi tekerinin sa\u011fa-sola al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Sa\u011fa al\u0131n\u0131rsa geni\u015f, sola al\u0131n\u0131rsa dar s\u00fcr\u00fcm yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nAyr\u0131ca, diskin durumundan dolay\u0131 sahip oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131 ile gidi\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcne g\u00f6re sahip oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131 alet \u00fczerinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek topra\u011f\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p azalt\u0131labilir.
\nPulluklar\u0131n Bak\u0131m\u0131
\nDi\u011fer ekipmanlar gibi pulluklarda, kapal\u0131 bir yerde korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kta g\u00fcne\u015f alt\u0131nda veya kapal\u0131 nemli yerlere konulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir tahta veya takoz \u00fczerine al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u0130\u015f mevsimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda u\u00e7 demiri, kulak, taban demiri ve aks ba\u015flar\u0131 paslanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 muhakkak greslenmelidir.
\nU\u00e7 demiri ile \u00f6k\u00e7e demiri a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa yenileriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir.
\nGev\u015femi\u015f c\u0131vatalar, yayl\u0131 rondela konarak s\u0131k\u0131lmal\u0131 ve e\u011filmi\u015f \u00e7at\u0131 aralar\u0131 do\u011frultulmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nPulluklarla \u0130lgili \u00d6nemli Tavsiyeler
\nAl\u0131nacak pulluk trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcze uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu biraz daha a\u00e7\u0131klarsak;
\nTrakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00f6re pulluk 2-3 veya 4 soklu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Pullu\u011fu trakt\u00f6r rahatl\u0131kla zorlanmadan istenilen h\u0131zda \u00e7ekebilmelidir.
\nPulluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri trakt\u00f6r iz geni\u015fli\u011fine ve hidrolik d\u00fczenine uygun olmal\u0131, hidrolik kolayca kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, indirilmelidir.
\nPulluk yap\u0131 itibariyle sa\u011flam, bilhassa \u00f6n aks mili ve i\u015fleyici par\u00e7alardan u\u00e7 demiri ve kulak, sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7elikten olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nPullu\u011fun \u00fcst ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131nda 2-5 delik olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tek delik pulluklar\u0131 trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn hidroli\u011fi iyi kumanda edemez. Bu sebeple d\u00fczg\u00fcn ve e\u015fit derinlikte s\u00fcr\u00fcm yap\u0131lmaz. Hatta s\u00fcr\u00fcmde g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yak\u0131t sarfiyat\u0131 da artar.
\nPullukta i\u015fleyici g\u00f6vde yani kulak \u015fekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131na, cinsine, yap\u0131lan ziraat \u00e7e\u015fidine uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 olmazsa \u00e7evrede imal edilen ve \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re uygun olan\u0131 tecr\u00fcbe ile tespit edilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7inde \u00f6zel durumlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yar\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fck veya orta dik kulak tipinde pulluk sat\u0131n al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nPullu\u011fun bir g\u00f6vdedeki i\u015f geni\u015fli\u011fi, trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn arka tekerlek taban geni\u015fli\u011fine uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nS\u00fcr\u00fcm \u015eekilleri ve S\u00fcr\u00fcm Tekni\u011fi
\nKulakl\u0131 pulluklarla yap\u0131lan s\u00fcr\u00fcmlere tahtavari s\u00fcr\u00fcm denilmektedir. Bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm \u015feklinde iki de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6ntem uygulan\u0131r.
\n– Birincisi bal\u0131k s\u0131rt\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm \u015feklidir. \u0130kincisi ise a\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7izi s\u00fcr\u00fcm \u015feklidir.
\nBal\u0131k s\u0131rt\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm \u015feklinde ilk \u00e7izgi tarlan\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve parsel ba\u015flar\u0131nda hep sa\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fclerek s\u00fcr\u00fcme devam edilir. S\u00fcr\u00fcm biti\u015finde parselin ortas\u0131ndaki ilk iki toprak \u015feridinin \u00fcst \u00fcste binmesinden dolay\u0131 bal\u0131k s\u0131rt\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde boydan boya bir t\u00fcmsek meydana gelir.
\n– A\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7izi y\u00f6nteminde ise ilk \u00e7izi parselin kenar\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131larak parsel ba\u015flar\u0131nda daima sola d\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fcrse sonunda parselin ortas\u0131nda kanal bi\u00e7iminde a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00e7izi kal\u0131r.
\n– Kulakl\u0131 pulluklarda s\u00fcr\u00fcm yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bal\u0131k s\u0131rt\u0131 y\u00f6nteminde tarlan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bir t\u00fcmsek, a\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7izi y\u00f6nteminde ise tarlan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bir kanal meydana gelmektedir. Bu iki y\u00f6ntemin sak\u0131ncal\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini bir tarafa b\u0131rak\u0131p iyi olan y\u00f6nlerini birle\u015ftirmek suretiyle \u015fu \u015fekilde bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm \u015fekli uygulanabilir.
\n– Bu tekni\u011fe g\u00f6re orta boy tarlalar i\u00e7in en uygun parsel geni\u015fli\u011fi 60-70 ad\u0131m (40 metre), b\u00fcy\u00fck tarlalar i\u00e7in 110-120 ad\u0131m (80 metre) kadar al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n– S\u00fcr\u00fcme ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce tarlada trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn d\u00f6nece\u011fi kadar yast\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u00e7izgisinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131:
\nTrakt\u00f6r gergi zincirleri gergin olarak parsele girilir. Birinci gidi\u015fte pulluk yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f parmak derinlikte s\u00fcr\u00fcm yapabilecek \u015fekilde \u00fcst ba\u011flant\u0131 kolu uzat\u0131l\u0131r ve pulluk sola yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. (Arka g\u00f6vde ile s\u00fcr\u00fcm yap\u0131l\u0131r). Birinci gidi\u015ften sonra sola d\u00f6n\u00fclerek trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn sol arka tekeri daha \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00e7izide olmak \u00fczere ayn\u0131 ayarla geri d\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fcr. Meydana gelen kanal her yerde e\u015fit derinlikte ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ad\u0131m geni\u015flikte olacakt\u0131r. Daha sonra bu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u00e7izisi ikinci turda kapat\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00fcst ba\u011flant\u0131 kolu k\u0131salt\u0131l\u0131r. Pulluk g\u00f6vdesi tam yere paralel olmayacak \u015fekilde biraz d\u00fczeltilir. Arka g\u00f6vdenin s\u00fcr\u00fcm derinli\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131k on parmak kadar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte ilk a\u00e7\u0131lan kanal tamamen kapat\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Derinlik ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan sonra istenilen derinli\u011fe g\u00f6re bu ayarla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez gidilip d\u00f6n\u00fclebilir. \u0130stedi\u011fimiz toprak i\u015fleme derinli\u011fi elde edildi\u011finde pullu\u011fun t\u00fcm ayarlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nSon \u00e7izinin bitirilmesi:
\nTarlan\u0131n ya da parselin bitimine iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 tur kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, s\u00fcr\u00fcm derinli\u011fi biti\u015fe do\u011fru giderek azalt\u0131l\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u00e7izisinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tersi olarak pulluk sa\u011fa yat\u0131r\u0131larak s\u00fcr\u00fcme devam edilir. Biti\u015ften \u00f6nceki gidi\u015fte derinlik s\u00fcr\u00fcm derinli\u011finin yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar azalt\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nTopra\u011f\u0131n pullukla i\u015flenmesinde dikkat edilmesi gereken \u00f6nemli hususlar;
\nSon y\u0131llarda tar\u0131mda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ki; topra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok miktarda i\u015flemek hem toprak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iyi neticeler vermemekte hem de \u00fcr\u00fcn maliyetini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. O halde topra\u011f\u0131n gere\u011finden fazla i\u015flenmesi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u00dclkemiz \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinde eskiden beri s\u00fcregelen yanl\u0131\u015f bir intiba vard\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7ok s\u00fcrersen o kadar verim artar diye. Hatta \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerimiz aralar\u0131nda toprak i\u015fleme ile ilgili sohbetlerinde; tarlay\u0131 ikiledim, \u00fc\u00e7ledim gibi ifadelerle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 birbirlerine \u00f6v\u00fcnerek anlat\u0131rlard\u0131.
\nOysa art\u0131k yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar g\u00f6stermektedir ki topra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok miktarda i\u015flemek, \u00e7ok fazla s\u00fcrmek, hem topra\u011f\u0131n verimlili\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hem de \u00fcr\u00fcn maliyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zararl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u00dclkemiz \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131nda rekabet edebilmeleri i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcn maliyetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeleri gerekmektedir. Bunun yolu da geleneksel tar\u0131mdan teknik tar\u0131ma ge\u00e7mekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Toprak gere\u011fi kadar i\u015flenmeli, fazla i\u015flemeden ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak pullu\u011fumuzu yerinde, zaman\u0131nda ve yeteri kadar kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z.
\n2. \u00c7\u0130ZELLER
\nSon y\u0131llarda \u00fclkemizde \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131 devirmeden i\u015flerler. Topra\u011f\u0131 derin olarak \u00e7izdikleri i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 zamanda dipkazan\u0131n g\u00f6revini de yapm\u0131\u015f olurlar. Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra pulluk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iyice azaltm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilerimiz taraf\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 bacak, yedi bacak gibi ayak say\u0131lar\u0131 ile adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.
\n\u00d6zellikle pamuk yerlerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131rlar. Pullu\u011fun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde
\nazaltm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yap\u0131lar\u0131 basittir. Bir \u00e7at\u0131 \u00fczerine monte edilmi\u015f \u00e7izici ayaklardan ibarettir.
\nDe\u011fi\u015fik ayak say\u0131s\u0131na sahip \u00e7izeller vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015f verimleri pullu\u011fa nazaran \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. Bu bak\u0131mdan toprak i\u015flemede maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrler ve zamandan tasarruf sa\u011flarlar.
\n3. D\u0130PKAZANLAR
\nBaz\u0131 toprak ve iklim \u015fartlar\u0131nda her y\u0131l ayn\u0131 derinlikte i\u015flenen toprak kat\u0131n\u0131n hemen alt\u0131nda kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 8-10 cm. ye varan su ge\u00e7irmez sert bir tabaka olu\u015fur. Taban ta\u015f\u0131 denilen bu tabakan\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131yla toprakta suyun, alt katmanlar\u0131na s\u0131zmas\u0131 zorla\u015f\u0131r ve bitkinin k\u00f6k geli\u015fimini engeller. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla topra\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011fmur ve kar sular\u0131n\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131n alt katlar\u0131nda s\u00fcz\u00fclmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rarak suyun toprak y\u00fczeyinden ak\u0131p gitmesine ve erozyona sebep olur. Bu nedenle taban ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belirli aral\u0131klarla k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu i\u015f dipkazan denilen \u00f6zel g\u00f6vdeli pulluklarla yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nBu aletin i\u015fleyici g\u00f6vdesi dik ve sa\u011flam bir payandaya ba\u011fl\u0131 kama bi\u00e7iminde bir u\u00e7 demirinden olu\u015fur. Aletin i\u015f geni\u015fli\u011fi sert tabakay\u0131 (taban ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131) k\u0131racak \u015fekilde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden sert tabakan\u0131n derinli\u011fi tespit edilmelidir. Dipkazan; belirli aral\u0131klarla \u00e7ekilmesi gerekiyorsa bir y\u00f6nde \u00e7ekildikten sonra, ikinci olarak \u00f6nce \u00e7ekilen do\u011frultunun dikine ve belirli aral\u0131klarla \u00e7ekilmelidir. Killi a\u011f\u0131r topraklarda dipkazan\u0131n u\u00e7 demirinin arkas\u0131na; g\u00fclle \u015feklinde yada silindir bi\u00e7iminde bir par\u00e7a ba\u011flanarak toprak i\u00e7erisinde hem sert tabakan\u0131n daha iyi patlat\u0131lmas\u0131 hem de belli bir derinlikte bu par\u00e7an\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerde bo\u015fluklar olu\u015fturularak topra\u011f\u0131n havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve suyun toprakta hareketi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.
\nDipkazan\u0131n g\u00f6vdesi de\u011fi\u015fik tiplerde olabilir. Bunlar\u0131n sabit ya da titre\u015fimli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tipleri mevcuttur. Titre\u015fimli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn kuyruk milinden hareketle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. Sabit olanlar ise trakt\u00f6r arkas\u0131nda belli bir derinlikte Topra\u011fa batacak \u015fekilde \u00e7ekilerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn hidrolik sistemi, dipkazanla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, mutlaka \u00e7eki kontrol konumunda olmal\u0131, dipkazanla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar tak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nII. \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 SINIF TOPRAK \u0130\u015eLEME ALETLER\u0130
\n1. K\u00dcLT\u00dcVAT\u00d6RLER
\nK\u00fclt\u00fcvat\u00f6rler; topra\u011f\u0131 y\u0131rtarak kabartmak, par\u00e7alamak, havaland\u0131rmak, yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131 kesip k\u00f6klerini y\u00fcze \u00e7\u0131karmak, mineral g\u00fcbreleri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak ve an\u0131z bozmak gibi ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar.
\n2. TIRMIKLAR
\nTarla y\u00fczeyini i\u015flerler. En \u00e7ok hafif ve orta a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktaki topraklarda kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Tarla y\u00fczeyini kabart\u0131r, kaymak tabakas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rar, yabani otlar\u0131 s\u00f6ker ve tohum yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar.
\n\u00c7e\u015fitleri;
\na) Di\u015fli t\u0131rm\u0131klar,
\nb) Yayl\u0131 t\u0131rm\u0131klar,
\nc) D\u00f6ner t\u0131rm\u0131klar,
\nd) Diskli t\u0131rm\u0131klar olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt grupta toplan\u0131r. Her grubun de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekilleri vard\u0131r.
\nDiskli T\u0131rm\u0131klar (Diskarolar)
\nDiskleri ile topra\u011f\u0131 keser, ufalar, aktar\u0131r ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar. Pullukla s\u00fcr\u00fcmden sonra, bilhassa a\u011f\u0131r ve otlu tarlada kesekleri en iyi ufalayan alettir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ok otlu tarlada ve ye\u015fil ot ekim n\u00f6betinde otlar\u0131 ve ye\u015filli\u011fi par\u00e7alay\u0131p topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar. Yaln\u0131z, toprak ve iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak erozyona yol a\u00e7acak hallerde kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Diskli t\u0131rm\u0131klar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve ayar\u0131
\nDiskarolarda a\u00e7\u0131 ayar\u0131 en uygun \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131rmak, trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7eki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve yak\u0131t sarfiyat\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan i\u015f miktar\u0131 azal\u0131r. Rahat bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in normal bir ayar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarla ko\u015fullar\u0131, i\u015f geni\u015fli\u011fi, i\u015f derinli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak saatte 6-10 km. h\u0131zla \u00e7ekilmelidir.
\nDiskarolar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 kolayd\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan disk y\u00fczeyleri paslanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 greslenmeli, yataklar\u0131 gres\u00f6rl\u00fcklerine zaman zaman gres bas\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kapal\u0131 yerlerde muhafaza edilmelidir.
\n3. TOPRAK FREZES\u0130
\nBu aletin kullanma ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz;
\n– Topra\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczeysel olarak kabart\u0131r, ufalar ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n– Tarla y\u00fczeyindeki otlar\u0131 ve saplar\u0131 keser, topra\u011f\u0131 homojen bir \u015fekilde kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.
\n– Pullukla i\u015flenmi\u015f topra\u011f\u0131 da i\u015fler ve ekime haz\u0131r hale getirir. \u00d6zellikle ba\u011f ve bah\u00e7e i\u015flerinde \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\n– \u0130kinci \u00fcr\u00fcnde topra\u011f\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131, saplar\u0131n topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\nMibzerle ekim i\u015flerinde ve \u00f6zellikle kombinasyon olarak kullan\u0131lmakta, ayr\u0131ca \u015ferit vari toprak i\u015fleme yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3. MERDANELER Toprak keseklerini par\u00e7alay\u0131p ufaltt\u0131kdan sonra gev\u015fek olan topra\u011f\u0131 bast\u0131rarak toprakla tohumun temas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7imlenmeye yard\u0131m eder. Trakt\u00f6re \u00e7ekili ya da ask\u0131l\u0131 olarak ba\u011flanarak y\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc pozisyonda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Merdaneler;
\n\u2022 D\u00fcz merdaneler,
\n\u2022 Dalgal\u0131 merdaneler,
\n\u2022 Dip bast\u0131ran merdaneler,
\nolmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 grupta toplan\u0131rlar.
\nD\u00fcz merdaneler; toprak y\u00fczeyinin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve d\u00fczeltilmesinde kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu tip merdaneler d\u00fcz silindir bi\u00e7imindedirler.
\nDalgal\u0131 (halkal\u0131) merdaneler; tarla i\u015flerinde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan merdanelerdir. Topra\u011f\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131r, keseklerini ufalar ve y\u00fczeyde 2-5 cm\u2019lik ufalanm\u0131\u015f toprak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc olu\u015fturur. Halkal\u0131 merdaneler halka \u015fekillerine g\u00f6re konik, y\u0131ld\u0131z, cambridge ve croskil \u015feklinde adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.
\nDip bast\u0131ran merdaneler; tarla y\u00fczeyindeki derin pulluk \u00e7izgilerini yok eder, kesekleri ufalay\u0131p, tarla y\u00fczeyini d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir hale getirirler.
\nS\u00fcrg\u00fcler
\nSulu tar\u0131m arazilerinde topra\u011f\u0131 fazla bast\u0131rmadan d\u00fczeltme i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst taraf\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklar ve kanalc\u0131klar k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve alttaki nemin buharla\u015farak kaybolmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenir. S\u00fcrg\u00fcler genellikle tahta ve demirden yap\u0131l\u0131rlar. Trakt\u00f6re ask\u0131l\u0131 ya da \u00e7ekili ba\u011flan\u0131p, serbest y\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc pozisyonda \u00e7ekilerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.
\nIII. ALET KOMB\u0130NASYONLARI
\nTohum yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda, o andaki hava \u015fartlar\u0131 ile tarlan\u0131n durumu etkili olmaktad\u0131r. Uygun bir tohum yata\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, pullukla iyi i\u015flenmi\u015f bir tarlada, bir t\u0131rm\u0131k veya bir k\u00fclt\u00fcvat\u00f6r ge\u00e7irmek yeterli olabilir. Hububat tar\u0131m\u0131nda genel olarak, k\u00fclt\u00fcvat\u00f6r veya diskli t\u0131rm\u0131kla tarla haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve ekim yap\u0131l\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fik ve a\u011f\u0131r toprak \u015fartlar\u0131nda bu aletlerin tek tek kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli olmaz. Zaman ve i\u015f kayb\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi masraf da artm\u0131\u015f olur. Birde i\u015fletmede i\u015fler yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve trakt\u00f6re di\u011fer i\u015flerde ihtiya\u00e7 varsa, toprak haz\u0131rlamaya fazla zaman ayr\u0131lmaz. Bu sebepler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir defada ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede i\u015fi bitirmek i\u00e7in alet kombinasyonlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.Bunlar 2’li, 3’l\u00fc ve 4’l\u00fc \u015fekilde olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u0131rm\u0131k-k\u00fclt\u00fcvat\u00f6r, sivri u\u00e7lu t\u0131rm\u0131k-d\u00f6nerli t\u0131rm\u0131k, k\u00fclt\u00fcvat\u00f6r-di\u015fli t\u0131rm\u0131k, yayl\u0131 t\u0131rm\u0131k-d\u00f6nerli t\u0131rm\u0131k gibi.<\/p>\n

Bunlardan ba\u015fka;
\nPullukla s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn arkas\u0131ndan freze ve d\u00f6ner t\u0131rm\u0131k beraberce \u00e7ekilebildi\u011fi gibi s\u00fcr\u00fcm yap\u0131lmadan direkt ekimde freze ve merdane ikilisi ekim makinesiyle beraber \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir alet makine kombinasyonu olu\u015fturulabilirler.
\nKombinasyon aletlerinin bak\u0131m\u0131 di\u011fer aletler gibidir. Kapal\u0131 bir yerde korunmal\u0131, nemli yerlere konulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Paslanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 greslenmeli, a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f u\u00e7lar de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir. Tarlaya ta\u015f\u0131nmalar\u0131nda daha dikkatli olmal\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131ma kilidi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131, yan zincirler gerdirilmelidir. H\u0131zla gidilmeyip virajlarda dikkat edilmelidir.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toprak \u0130\u015fleme TOPRAK \u0130\u015eLEME \u2022 Unutmayal\u0131m ki toprak da canl\u0131d\u0131r. Her canl\u0131 gibi topra\u011f\u0131n HAVAYA, NEME ve ISIYA ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u2022 Tekni\u011fine uygun olarak i\u015flenmemi\u015f tarladan; istedi\u011fimiz verimi de\u011fil, sadece topra\u011f\u0131n VERD\u0130\u011e\u0130 KADARINI alabiliriz. \u2022 Topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tekni\u011fine uygun olarak i\u015flemek suretiyle ISI, NEM ve HAVALANMAYI sa\u011flaman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da d\u00fczeltilerek, bitki k\u00f6k sisteminin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=333"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":334,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333\/revisions\/334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/karder.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}